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Brasov is situated in the central part of the the country being considered the second most important town in Romania. Located 160 km from Bucharest, Romania's capital, Brasov is surrounded like a halo by the Carpathians, being in the middle of the country at the crossroads of the the Eastern Carpathian and the Southern Carpathians. Across the mountains to the South and East there are Wallachia and Moldavia, to the West the Banat region and to the North the rolling hills of Northern Transylvania.
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| 17-06-2006 10:27:48 |
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The Black Church
The Black Church has a turbulent history: built between 1385 and 1477 on the site of an earlier church (destroyed by Mongol invasions in 1242), the construction of the Marienkirche was hampered by extensive damage caused by Turkish raids in 1421. The church was given its new name after disaster struck again in 1689, when the 'Great Fire, set by Hapsburg invaders, leveled most of the town, heavily damaged the church, blackening its walls. Restoration took almost 100 years. Of the two towers planned, only one (65,6m high) was finished. The year 1477 is written in Gothic letters on the front gate, the only piece made in wood that resisted the fire. The original Gothic interior has suffered under the restorations, and the lofty, light space you see nowadays is mostly Baroque. Most of the objects inside the church date from the reconstruction time except for the baptismal font which was cast in bronze by a local craftsman in 1450.
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| 17-06-2006 10:30:32 |
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The church is built of friable grit stones and andesite arranged in cubic shape. That's the reason why the statues placed on the exteriors couldn't survive the time and had to be replaced by new ones. The oldest statue still standing belongs to Saint Peter and it is to be seen on the Southern part of the church.
The church comprises six portals, representing different architectural styles from Gothic to Renaissance style. The portal placed on the East side of the church was built in 1436 by Matei Corvin, a Transylvanian ruler. He also added a fresco to the interior gate. Inside the church there are three naves split by pillars. Gothic elements mix with Baroque.
On the Southeast portal there is a fresco, dating 15th century, representing Saint Mary sitting on a throne with Jesus in her arms, surrounded by angels and Saint Ecaterina and Barbara.
On the North side there is a Golden gate with a small portico placed somewhere between the buttresses. The portico is covered by a simple ogive and on the facade there is a semicircular arch. Right above there are sculptured leaves, reminiscence of the Gothic style.
The Black Church exhibits the heaviest mobile bell in Romania (6 t), murals in the Italian Renaissance style and an organ, with 4,000 pipes, 7 scales and 4 key boards. It was built in 1838-1839 by the organ creator Buchholz from Berlin and it ranks among the biggest organs in the South-Eastern Europe. It is the only organ of the Buchholz's firm which has preserved its original form. The organ recitals held here are very famous and many tourists attend them.
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| 17-06-2006 10:31:56 |
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The Black Church has the richest collection of Anatolian carpets in all Europe. Most of them date from the 17th and 18th centuries. They come from Brussa, Uschak and Ghiordes, famous Anatolian names for carpet weaving. They were donated by the city's merchants on their return from Orient to show their gratitude towards God. The church windows have recently been fit out with special UV-filtering glass to protect the 119 fabulous carpets.
Exiting the church, in the courtyard, you will see Johannes Honterus'(1498-1549) statue (2.5 m high). He was an important reformer and humanist who became Stadtpfarrer (priest) a few years after bringing Lutheranism to Brasov in 1542. The statue was cast in bronze by the German sculpture, Harra Magnussen. The public saw the statue for the first time on August 1898, when they celebrated 400 years since Johannes Honterus was born.
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| 17-06-2006 10:35:14 |
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The Council Square (Piata Sfatului), known to the Saxon population as the Marktplatz, is the heart of the old medieval Brasov. Lined with beautiful red-roofed merchant houses, the square is one of the finest in the country. The buildings recall the region's German heritage.
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| 17-06-2006 10:36:57 |
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The watch towers Brasov
Because Brasov and the surrounding region were repeatedly raided by the Turks and Tartars the residents of Brasov decided to fortify their city with thick stone walls with strong bastions, two outer watch towers and a Citadel, in order to defend themselves. The defense wall was once 12 meters high and two meters thick and stretched for 3 km. Today parts of the walls, one Bastion, the two towers and the Citadel are left standing.
On the west side of the old town, where the old walls are still standing, you can walk down picturesque Strada Dupa Ziduri (Behind the Walls) to catch a glimpse of the White and Black towers, built in the 15th century to watch over and defend the town.
The Black Tower
The tower was built in 1494 on a rock on Starja Hill, near the Blacksmiths' bastion. It has a square shape and it is 9 m high. In 1599 the tower was destroyed by lightning. So, it's got it's name from its walls being blackened by the fire caused by the lightning. Today, it is no longer black.
Recently renovated to it's former glory, with its pyramid shaped roof, the Black Tower houses a museum. There are four floors inside, each reached by a narrow wooden ladder. Each floor has a small display of war related artifacts.
From the top you do get a nice view of the Black Church but you get almost the same view from the iron balcony surrounding the tower.
The White Tower
The White Tower is located 60 m far from the citadel's walls, near the Graft bastion. It is high up on the hill and you'll have to climb some 200 steps up to it. The construction was erected between 1460-1494. It has a semicircular shape and it is 14m high. A wooden staircase spirals up four levels. If you reach the top floor, you won't be deceived by the view over the old town.
Confusingly, both towers are white. In spite of their different shapes and locations, it's only the black pyramid glass top on the Black Tower that allows even the locals to tell them apart.
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| 17-06-2006 10:39:11 |
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The Black Tower
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| 17-06-2006 10:41:01 |
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The Gates of Brasov
Originally, the old fortification of Brasov had 3 entrance gates. They were, at the same time, massive bastions, built to keep invaders outside the city walls . To these, two more were added lately. Only two of the five survive to tell the story of medieval Brasov: Ecaterina's Gate and Schei Gate. Both of them are on the south-west part of the fortress. The others, mainly located on the northern side of the walls were demolished in the 19th century, just like the wall itself, mainly because they came in the way of traffic.
The Ecaterina's Gate
Sirul Beethoven, Brasov
Ecaterina's Gate was built in 1559 for defensive purposes. It is the only original city gate to have survived from medieval times. In fact the fairy-tale looking tower is only a part of the original gate; documents talk about the existence of a wooden structure which was demolished in 1827. The original structure can be seen at he Weaver's Bastion where the large model of Brasov in 1600 is displayed.
Old documents mention it also under the name of Porta Valacce,the Vallah's Gate because it was the only entrance for the Romanians living in Schei. They were not allowed to use the other four entrances. During the Saxon rule of the 13th to 17th century Romanians were forbidden from owning property inside the fortress walls and such they settled outside the wall in the neighborhood named Schei. Romanians could only enter the town at certain times and had to pay a toll at the gate for the privilege of selling their produce inside the citadel.
The four small corner turrets (also seen in other Transylvanian towns) symbolize the fact that the town had judicial autonomy, and the "right of sword" (ius gladii) which was the right to decide on capital punishment. Above the entrance the tower bears the city's coat of arms, a crown on a oak tree trunk and roots. The Gate represents a transition in style. Underneath the four symmetrical corner-spires there is a small neo-classical front-piece with an inscription. The Renaissance, which had begun 100 years earlier in Central Europe, was beginning to make its mark in Transylvania.
The gate was in the care of the tailors' guild.
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| 17-06-2006 10:43:42 |
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The other remaining gate of the town is Schei Gate (Poarta Schei) right next to Ecaterina's gate. The structure that we can see today was built in 1827, in Baroque style, and replaced the old Schei Gate which was heavily damaged by fire. The gate looks like a triumphal arch with three openings. Above the small arches on both sides of the gate there are inscriptions in Latin.
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| 17-06-2006 10:44:31 |
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The Fortress (Cetatuia)
Cetatuia Hill, Brasov
Strategically overlooking the town and the plains to North, the Citadel is part of Brasov's outer fortification system. At first some wooden protective walls was erected here, later, in 1529, destroyed by Petru Rares. On the same spot they built a stone citadel called Cetatuia (1553), destroyed by fire in 1618 and re-built in 1625. For protective purposes the inhabitants added to the initial building four massive stone bastions in 1630. The citadel was abandoned later, after technological innovations made cannons stronger than the building. It served as a prison for a while.
Nowadays the citadel was turned into a restaurant called Cetate. If you visit the restaurant remember to take a tour and admire the collection of Medieval weapons hanged on the walls and to drop a penny in the well (81 m deep) for good luck. In the center of the Citadel is a narrow courtyard displaying shields, lances, a canon and coat of arms.
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| 17-06-2006 10:47:24 |
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The Fortress
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| 17-06-2006 10:53:21 |
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Schei district of Brasov
One shouldn't leave Brasov without a stroll through Schei, the old Romanian district of Brasov, a neighborhood of narrow cobblestone streets and red-tiled 17th century homes. Leave the fortress area of the old city trough Poarta Schei and you'll find yourself in this picturesque suburb.
Poarta Schei used to be the only entrance for the Romanians living in Schei. They were not allowed to use the other four entrances. During the Saxon rule of the 13th to 17th century Romanians were forbidden from owning property inside the fortress walls and such they settled outside the wall, building their homes outside the city walls, up this beautiful valley. Romanians could only enter the town at certain times and had to pay a toll at the gate for the privilege of selling their produce inside the citadel.
Leaving the Schei Gate behind you, walk up Strada Prundului to Piata Unirii. There you can visit the gorgeously painted Romanian Orthodox church of St Nicholas and the First Romanian school, which is right next to the church. Then just wander around the small curving streets that gradually slope upwards against the hill. Note the many different iron door handles and knockers adorning the pretty houses. You'll also notice many roadside crosses, each one with its unique story. At the end of the valley,you can trek on the old road to Poiana Brasov, Romania's most famous skiing resort.
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| 17-06-2006 10:54:31 |
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Tampa Mountain and Tiberiu Brediceanu Alley
Brasov is often referred to as "the city at the foot of Mount Tampa". Tampa is the natural landmark of Brasov and it can be seen from every corner of the city. It is 900m above see level high and it has a large TV transmitter antenna on top. It is actually in the middle of Brasov, making a clear division between the old medieval part of the city and the new one, made up of concrete blocks of flats.
You can have the best view of Brasov from the top of Mount Tampa. You can reach it by cable car (called Telecabina) or walking up one of the few paths twisting up the hill. Walking to the top takes about an hour (red triangles) from the cable car station or yellow triangles from Brediceanu Alley. The hiking trail is low difficulty level nonetheless, but it is recommended in snowless seasons only. Or, if you chose to take the cable car, from the upper station walk five minutes along the path to the rocky outcrop (the top, 955m high) for the best views of the old town. You'll clearly be able to make out the different parts of Brasov: the German part of town has hundreds of red roofs crammed between straight streets surrounding Piata Sfatului, while the Romanian Schei district to the south is a spaghetti of small streets, jumbled houses and cemeteries, petering out towards the hills. On the plain are the later additions to Brasov: the 18th and 19th century expansions and of course the flats and huge factories from the last 50 years.
The top of Tampa also provides a stunning view of the surrounding mountains. From here, it's very tempting to walk across the crests of the hills to Poiana Brasov and Postavaru (1799m). There are marked trails if you decide to do so.
Brasov's original defense fortress was built on this mount but, when Vlad Tepes (the Impaler) attacked Brasov in 1459-1460, the citadel was dismantled, and 40 merchants were impaled on top of Mount Tampa. In the 1950's, when Brasov was named Orasul Stalin (Stalin City), trees were chopped down so that the name of the great dictator appeared on the hillside facing the old town. Nature has recovered from the shock, and the hillside is now a nature reservation, hosting protected species of plants like the motley tulip and large yellow lady’s-slipper.
In 1896 a column with an archer on top was erected on Mount Tampa. It was known as Arpad's statue, (the leader of the Hungarian tribes to Pannonia and founder of the future Hungarian kingdom), though the archer was, in fact, Tuhutum (Teteny), one of Arpad's commanders. In 1916 the statue was destroyed by unidentified people. You can still see on the top of the hill the former socle of the statue. The head of the archer is in the Parish House of the Reformed Church in Brasov.
To get to the cable car you can hike through the old section of the city. Leave Piata Sfatului on Strada Apollonia Hirscher. Stroll along to the end of the road, taking a left on Strada Castelului. The next right is Strada Romer. Follow this until it ends and climb the stairs to the cable car. Just below the entrance are remains of the old city wall, which is being renovated lately.
At the foot of Tampa, along the SE side of the old fortress walls is a very romantic alley. Shaded by old trees, dotted with many benches it is one of the favorite strolling spots for Brasovians. You can ride your bicycle , or use your roller blades, as well. There are a few tennis and basketball grounds here, too. Kids can play on the playground.
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| 17-06-2006 10:58:13 |
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A glimpse of Tampa Mountain
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| 17-06-2006 11:03:30 |
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Other churches of Brasov
Saint Nicholas Church
Being mentioned on historical documents since 1292 and referred to in one Pope's Bull in 1399, the church was rebuilt in stone in 1495 with the main support of the voivodes Vlad Calugarul, Neagoe Basarab and Petru Cercel. The church is a true architectural masterpiece; a mix of the Byzantine, Baroque and Gothic styles. The final construction was ready in 1594.
Saint Nicholas Church dominates the oldest part of the city, Scheii Brasovului. Like other medieval churches it is surrounded by protective walls with large wooden gates. The enclosure shelters a small old cemetery where some famous people are buried. The First Romanian School, The Library and The Archives of the Saint Nicholas Church are also to be found here. The church holds precious paintings and icons signed by Misu Popp
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| 17-06-2006 11:05:38 |
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